What are the origins of . . . . ?

Music
Symphony
Orchestra
Opera
Aria
Canon
Piano

See the bonus - a cappella!

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Music – from the Greek: mousike, any art of the Muses, especially
music.

Symphony – Greek: symphonia from syn+phone voice, sound.

Orchestra - Greek: orchestra – a place for a chorus to dance, from
orcheisthai to dance.

Opera – the plural of the Latin word Opus, work.

Aria – Literally, it means (atmospheric) air in Italian

Canon – From the Greek kanon (5th meaning), a musical piece of two or
more voices that repeats the same melody, not necesssarily in the
same pitch. (kanon originally meant rule, standard, model, or ruler)

Piano is short for pianoforte and it means soft – loud. (Italian)

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Bonus – What does a cappella really mean? Where did it come from?

Today it means singing without instrument accompaniment.

But, it really means …… "In the chapel style"

The word chapel (French: Chapelle) comes from the word cloak, which was cappella. The sacred cloak (cappella) of St. Martin of Tours was kept in a recess in the main church, which became known as the chapel (side
note: chaplain actually means "guardian of the cloak"). Thus, the
cloak gave rise to the word for this anteroom in a church or "the
chapel". When people sang services in the small chapel it was
unlikely they would bring any instruments into the small room [let
alone an organ]! Thus singing "in the chapel style" was called a
cappella. (another side note: our word for cape and cap comes from
the root word.)