The Pueblo Indians in the 12 century AD had figured it out!

These Indians (also known as the Anasazi) determined the right size
roof overhang for their latitude. The overhang would let the sun
come in through the windows in winter, yet shade the same window in
summer. In the American southwest they had mostly sunny days and this
technique worked well. The daytime sun would heat the walls of the
room in winter and the massive adobe walls would then re-radiate the
heat during the cold nights, keeping the inhabitants warm. In the
summer the walls stayed cool because the same overhang now kept the
daytime windows in shade. This kept the home cooler on the inside
during the hot summer days. However the walls did gain some heat
during the summer and provided warmth during the summer nights.
Remember that in arid climates the nights can get quite cold. The
Indians also used straw on the roof during the summer day to keep the
roof from getting too hot.

(The ancient Greeks also knew this window trick!)
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(If you put “Pueblo Indians and solar heat” into a search engine you
will get many interesting sites.)